Seoul, Sunday August 13
Lunchtime
Working Paper
by
Adalberto Vallega
IGU Co-ordinator of Oceans 21
PREMISE
This paper aims at:
i.
presenting how the Oceans 21 programme may be
operated by the IGU Commissions/Study Groups;
ii.
promoting the inclusion of parts of Oceans 21
in the 2000-2004 programmes of the IGU Commissions/Study Groups.
Although being concerned also with deep ocean
in some of its parts, Oceans 21 is essentially concerned with coastal areas,
namely the littoral belts and coastal seas, from a multi-sectoral perspective.
This means that the programme is concerned with the land-ocean interface, which
has become one of the most crucial parts of the world.
The programme was designed with the aim of
filling in some present lack in the scientific assessment, and with that of
integrating the approaches from the natural and social perspectives. The IGU
was regarded as a Union able to carry out such integration.
The Oceans 21 includes three components:
·
No. 5 research projects, included in the
initial programme design;
·
A special area, i.e. coastal urbanisation,
recently included;
·
The Dossier initiative.
POSSIBLE
COLLABORATION FROM COMMISSIONS/STUDY GROUPS
The framework of
projects and sub-projects is presented in the following table.
As Annexes to this
working paper, concise presentations of the individual papers may be found.
|
Sub-project |
Acronym
|
Title
|
|||
Project
I—Achieving Inter-disciplinary in ICM
Research
|
|
||||
|
I.1 |
AEM |
Approach to
ecosystem management |
|
||
|
I.2 |
AAM |
Approach to aquifer
management |
|
||
|
I.3 |
ASLR |
Approach
to sea-level rise |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Project II—Marine Scientific and
Technological Information Systems for ICM |
|
||||
|
II.1 |
RMIS |
Ocean
information system |
|
||
|
II.2 |
CMCS |
Coastal management
case studies |
|
||
|
II.3 |
WCMP |
World
coastal management programmes |
|
||
|
II.4 |
CGISDB |
Coastal GIS
Implementation and Data Bank |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Project III—Methodology
Development in Support of ICM |
|
||||
|
III.1 |
MGICM |
Methodological
guide to integrated coastal management |
|
||
|
III.2 |
GKCMS |
Guidelines to key
coastal management sectors |
|
||
|
III.3 |
GSCMI |
Guidelines to
special coastal management issues |
|
||
|
III.4 |
GSCMA |
Guidelines to
special coastal management areas |
|
||
|
III.5 |
CUSAM |
Coastal use
structure analysis and mapping |
|
||
|
III.6 |
CAMZT |
Coastal area
mapping and zoning techniques |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Project IV—Coastal and
Deep-ocean Monitoring Systems |
|
||||
|
IV.1 |
DORD |
Deep-ocean
resource development |
|
||
|
IV.2 |
CEIV |
Coastal ecological
impact evaluation |
|
||
|
IV.3 |
COIV |
Coastal
organisational impact evaluation |
|
||
|
IV.4 |
CSIV |
Coastal social
impact evaluation |
|
||
|
IV.5 |
CMEV |
Coastal management
efficiency evaluation |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Project V—Training, Education
and Mutual Assistance in Marine Science for ICM |
|
||||
|
V.1 |
TWICM |
Training
workshops on ICM |
|
||
|
V.2 |
NWICM |
National workshops
on ICM |
|
||
|
V.3 |
TSP |
Special training
courses |
|
||
|
V.4 |
DLC |
Distance
learning courses |
|
||
|
V.5 |
MICM |
Manuals
on ICM |
|
||
These kinds of
products are expected from the operation of projects and sub-projects:
·
scientific events;
·
educational and training courses;
·
books (manuals and proceedings);
·
journals;
·
websites;
·
distance learning systems;
·
CD-Rom;
·
diskettes.
The Commissions/Study Groups
are cordially invited to include projects or sub-projects in their 2000-2004
programmes.
As a result of the
International Workshop Challenges on
Growing Urbanisation of the World’s Coastal Areas (Hangzhou, China,
September 27-30, 1999), the following subject areas were included in the
collaboration between the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
and the IGU:
·
Urban development and planning of coastal
areas, with special consideration of their sustainable development;
·
Education, training and public awareness on the
coastal urbanisation and related issues.
The establishment of
a network of large coastal cities and scientific organisations was considered
as an essential goal.
Bearing in mind the key
geographical importance of these subjects, it should be useful if some
Commission/Study Group includes initiatives concerned with the Hangzhou
workshop. The Final Declaration of this event may be found in http://www.polis.unige.it/igu-vallega.
IOC-IGU
Dossiers:
What
is expected by Commissions and Study Groups
Dossiers are meant as
booklets (no more than 128 pages) dealing with coastal issues, and addressed
to:
·
education (Dossiers-Education
series);
·
managers, planners, decision makers (Dossiers-Management series).
Dossiers will be published by IOC and will be
presented as a joint IOC-IGU initiative in the framework of the Oceans 21
programme. They will be available in: (i) hard copy; (ii) electronic format
(CD-Rom); (iii) http://www.nos.noaa-gov/icm.
Dossiers will be worked out in English.
Translations into other languages will be made where needed and possible.
As a preliminary approach, these subjects may
be considered as worthy of consideration: (i) The structure and issues of
coastal management programme; (ii) Coastal biodiversity and environmental
issues; (iii) Coastal cultural heritage; (iv) Urban waterfronts; (v) Seaport
management; (vi) Coastal fisheries;
(vii) Coastal tourism and recreational uses; (viii) Coastal GIS.
The Commissions/Study
Groups are cordially invited to work out Dossiers on the above mentioned or
other coastal subjects. It should be noted that these booklets will be
circulated in the work by an UNESCO organisation, namely the IOC, therefore
making visible the authors, the Commission/Study Groups, and the IGU as a
whole. In this view, contacts may be established with Adalberto Vallega
Detailed information and materials on the
programme may be found in:
http://www.polis.unige.it/igu-vallega
How to start
Please
contact:
Adalberto Vallega
Vice-president of International Geographical
Union
IGU Co-ordinator of the Oceans 21 programme
University of Genoa
Department Polis
Stradone S. Agostino, 37
16123 Genoa, Italy
Voice:++ 39 010
2095858
Fax: ++39 010 209 5891
E-mail: vallega@polis.unige.it
http://www.polis.unige.it/igu-vallega
Annex 1
ACHIEVING
INTER-DISCIPLINARY IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
The approach of Project I will be based on the following background
concepts:
|
coastal system |
|
bi-modular system, resulting from the interaction between the coastal
ecosystem and the human community |
|
coastal ecosystem |
|
an evolving trophic web interacting with its abiotic niche |
|
coastal organisation |
|
the changing set of interactions between the ecosystem and human
communities directed towards an objective |
|
coastal use structure |
|
the set of uses of coastal resources and the set of relationships
between uses |
|
coastal decision-making
systems |
|
the set of decision-makers concerned with, and involved in the
organisation of the coastal system |
|
coastal external environment |
|
the set of natural and human elements and processes located outside
the coastal system, with which the coastal system interacts, or expects to
interact |
The approach from Project I will be useful for both management and
educational purposes. The educational implications will be dealt with by
Project V.
Project I will have the role of providing conceptual and logical
backgrounds from which the other projects may benefit. In this sense it may be
regarded as the basis for the development of Oceans 21 as a whole. It will contribute to the discussion about
the building up of ocean science, intended as an effective inter-disciplinary
approach to the ocean. In particular,
Project I will aim at:
i.
designing and experimenting models for assessing, representing and
simulating the interaction between the local ecosystem and local communities;
ii.
designing logical background and methodological inputs for collecting
and processing data on the coastal systems, focusing on the interaction between
the ecosystems and human communities;
iii.
designing logical background and methodological inputs to provide useful
data for decision-making systems;
iv.
exploring the literature on the above subjects and reporting on the
state of the relevant key results;
v.
considering case studies concerned with the above subjects and focusing
on their utility for improving concepts and methods;
vi.
convening discussions on the above subjects involving scientists,
practitioners and decision-makers.
To pursue the mentioned objective, Project I will focus on the following
subject areas:
·
coastal organisation interacting with ecosystem diversity;
·
coastal organisation interacting with ecosystem productivity;
·
coastal organisation interacting with ecosystem resilience;
·
coastal organisation interacting with coastal aquifers;
·
climate change and coastal biogeochemical cycles interacting with
coastal organisation.
Sub-projects
Project I will consist of the following sub-projects:
Sub-project I.1 – Approach to ecosystem management (AEM)
Sub-project I.2 – Approach to aquifers’ management (AAM)
Sub-project I.3 – Approach to sea-level rise (ASLR).
Annex 2
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS FOR COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Project II will be concerned with the information systems on marine and
coastal contexts. Linkage between Projects I and II will be due to the fact
that Project I will be concerned with the conceptual and methodological issues
relevant to the integration between data from various fields, while Project II
will be concerned with the organisation of data in order to sustain coastal
management.
Basically, Project II as a whole will be implemented with the aim of
contributing to the IOC-NOAA-University of Delaware website concerned with
integrated coastal management (ICM).
As a key objective, Project II will aim at:
i.
serving as a clearing house of marine scientific and technological
information and data related to integrated coastal management;
ii.
developing management-oriented a data banks.
Sub-projects
Project II will consist of the following sub-projects:
Sub-project II.1 – Ocean information system
(RMIS)
Sub-project II.2 – Coastal management case
studies (CMCS)
Sub-project II.3 – World coastal management
programmes (WCMP)
Sub-project II.4 – Coastal GIS Implementation
and Data Bank(CGISDB)
Annex 3
Following the inputs from Agenda 21, Chapter 17, and subsequent
materials addressed by inter-governmental organisations to governments, local
authorities and coastal managers, the need to design guidelines and other
technical tools tailored to the concept of integrated management has arisen and
diffused.
The preparation of these materials presupposes that a well defined
spectrum of concepts and logical background be adopted. Hence the close links
between Project I dealing with theory
and logical frameworks and Project III,
dealing with decision-making processes.
In addition, it is necessary to set up management tools focusing on
specific.
To respond to these needs, Project III will aim at providing methods and
techniques consistent with the integrated management principles and dealing
with issues considered by literature as pivotal to optimise coastal management,
and felt by coastal managers as crucial for their daily work. In this prospect,
a set of methodological and technical contributions will be provided aimed at:
i.
assessing the coastal use structure and, lato sensu, the coastal system according to holistic criteria;
ii.
representing and simulating the coastal use structure according to
matrix- and GIS-based methods;
iii.
mapping the coastal area involved in management programmes;
iv.
zoning the coastal area according to management purposes.
Main subject areas
The approach will be concerned with the following framework of coastal
processes:
Approaches
Methods and techniques provided by Project III
will be concerned with the approach to: (i) the coastal systems as a whole in
order to implement holistic views and management patterns; (ii) a spectrum of
selected sectors of coastal uses, which need to be dealt with by ad hoc
measures; (iii) a spectrum of key issues by which coastal systems are affected
due to the increased and expanded human pressure, climate change and subsequent
biogeochemical cycles; (iv) coastal areas endowed with special
management-relevant features.
Sub-projects
The following sub-project will be included in
the Project III:
Sub-project III.1 – Methodological guide to
integrated coastal management (MGICM);
Sub-project III.2 – Guidelines to key coastal
management sectors (GKCMS);
Sub-project III.3 – Guidelines to special
coastal management issues (GSCMI);
Sub-project III.4 – Guidelines to special
coastal management areas (GSCMA);
Sub-project IV.5 – Coastal use structure analysis and mapping (CUSAM);
Sub-project III.6 – Coastal area mapping and
zoning techniques (CAMZT).
Annex 4
The evolving coastal and deep-ocean systems have been involved in
accelerated changes due to the combined effects of climate change, increasing
human pressure and globalisation. Hence, the need to monitor them to optimise
management has acquired increasing importance.
This need is concerned with both coastal areas and deep-ocean spaces
but, for self-evident reasons, at present it is much more important in the
former space. This justifies the
efforts of scientists and practitioners to implement, to design and apply
monitor and valuation methods and techniques, and the wide room that technical
literature has given to these subjects.
To meet this need Project IV of Oceans
21 will aim at:
i.
providing useful methods and techniques for monitoring key deep-ocean uses and simulating the
consequences from new kinds of use;
ii.
providing methods and techniques for evaluating the impacts from coastal
development on the ecosystem, economic organisation and social context;
iii.
providing methods and techniques for monitoring and evaluating the
efficiency of coastal management programmes.
Sub-projects
To pursue the mentioned objectives, Project IV
will include five sub-projects:
Sub-project IV.1 – Deep-ocean resource
development (DORD);
Sub-project IV.2 – Coastal ecological impact
valuation (CEIV);
Sub-project IV.3 – Coastal organisational
impact valuation (COIV);
Sub-project IV.4 – Coastal social impact
valuation (CSIV);
Sub-project IV.5 – Coastal management
efficiency valuation (CMEV).
Annex 5
IN
MARINE SCIENCE FOR COASTAL MANAGEMENT
In 1990-1992, during the meetings of the UNCED Prep.Com. there was
consensus on the need to concentrate efforts on education and training. These
two closely linked sectors were regarded as the main components of capacity
building in integrated coastal management. Since then, literature has focused
on how education could be implemented and relevant approaches could be
re-oriented towards the application of sustainable development and integrated
management concepts. Meanwhile scientific events in the field--see below the
list of those convened in the framework of the UN Sea-Coast Train—have diffused
and many courses have been designed and operated.
In 1998, in the context of the International Year of the Ocean, the
Conference Education and Training in
Integrated Coastal Area Management (Genoa, Italy, May 25-29), designed and
convened with the key co-operation of IOC, was the ground for intense
discussion. There was consensus that, at present, education has to deal with
two basic issues:
i.
to adopt conceptual and logical backgrounds effectively consistent with
the need to holistically manage the coastal area—which implies referring to the
epistemology of complexity;
ii.
to design, experiment and
diffuse new techniques, such as GIS, distance learning and permanent education,
to optimise productivity in courses and professional skills.
The specific background of IOC is based on the Training, Education and
Mutual Assistance (TEMA) programme, which had a leading role in the design of
the above mentioned Conference. TEMA aims at building marine scientific and
technological capacity in INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT for the developing IOC
Member States, by organising global, regional and national symposia, workshops,
seminars, and training courses for different types and levels, as well as
provision of study grants, and if possible, fellowships for marine scientists
to have training in the integrated coastal area management. This project is a part of the IOC/TEMA overall effort.
Moving from this wide background, as a main objective Project V will aim
at:
i.
designing and diffusing manuals on fundamentals and key sectors and
issues of integrated coastal management;
ii.
optimising efforts to use GIS in the field;
iii.
designing and convening courses with the aim of optimising educational
profiles and professional skills on a national basis;
iv.
encouraging the design and experiment of distance learning courses;
v.
experimenting permanent education techniques.